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Pinot Noir Précoce
Pinot noir précoce or, as it is called in parts of Germany, Frühburgunder is a dark, blue-black, -skinned, variety of grape used for wine, and is a form or mutation of Pinot noir which differs essentially by ripening earlier than normal (thus the use of the descriptive nomination 'précoce'). Whilst sometimes treated as a separate grape variety by ampelographers,〔(Vitis International Variety Catalogue: Pinot Precoce Noir ), accessed on November 18, 2009〕 there are nevertheless those who consider it is simply an early ripening form of Pinot Noir, and in some cases Pinot noir précoce wines may therefore be found straightforwardly labelled "Pinot noir".〔(Hollywood Hill Vineyards, January 17, 2008: Frühburgunder )〕
As it seems highly likely that Pinot noir précoce is simply a natural early ripening mutation of Pinot noir, it is extremely likely to have occurred and been selected and specially cultivated in many different Pinot growing regions (e.g., Burgundy, Champagne, Alsace, Loire, and throughout many older German vineyards) on many separate occasions throughout the long history of Pinot noir cultivation in Europe.
Wines from Pinot Noir Précoce are closely similar to, if not indistinguishable from, those of Pinot noir, and it is far from clear that anything distinguishes its wines other than oenological characters resulting from its early ripening (e.g., relatively fuller flavor development, lower acidity, and the like).
==Geographical distribution==
The early ripening of Pinot Noir Précoce means that it is primarily popular in colder wine regions, and most of the current plantations are found in Germany. Up until the early 20th century, it was one of the most grown varieties in the Ahr region, but then declined to only in the 1960s, and was on the verge of becoming exitinct due to problems of vine diseases. In the 1970s, the Geisenheim Grape Breeding Institute took an interest in it, and began selecting virus-free clones suitable for propagation.〔(Wein-Plus Glossar: Frühburgunder ), accessed on March 6, 2013〕〔(Rheinhessen.de: Frühburgunder ), accessed on November 18, 2009 〕 The variety has thereafter had a modest revival in Germany, and in 2008 plantations stood at .〔(German Wine Institute: German Wine Statistics 2009-2010 )〕 It also attracts some interest in new regions characterised by cool climate viticulture.
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